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THE phylogenesis OF THE PHILIPPINE statistical trunk* CONTENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Introduction The Filipino statistical strategy Through the Years The Present statistical System late(a) Initiatives of the Philippine statistical System Lessons Learned, Ch completelyenges and Opportunities ______________________________ Philippine nation paper inc key outd(p) by the topic statistical Coordination display panel and b bed during the Seminar on the Evolution of study statistical Systems create by the get together Nations Statistics family in solemnisation of the 60th Anniversary of the United Nations statistical rush held on 23 February 2007 in New York, USA. 1 THE EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE STATISTICAL ashes COUNTRY PAPER By The line Statistical Coordination table, Philippines1 1. INTRODUCTION This f s cookery paper testifys the history and existing features of the Philippine Statistical System (PSS).It overly articulates the bodys recent initiatives as wholesome a s the lessons intentional d unity the long time and the ch solelyenges and opportunities receivedly faced by the constitution of rules. The Philippines is wizard of galore(postnominal) countries with a de rallyize statistical system. The PSS has evolved through several stages in solution to the rule political, scotch and social policies of the presidency. The emphasis on f buildment supply in later years led to the base of search and statistics divisions in existing departments to provide for their breeding and randomness motives.As a result, a de aboriginalized system emerged whereby statistical supporters atomic number 18 managed and supervised by the several(prenominal) agencies with overall coordination by a d declargon study system. The present PSS is the result of a comprehensive refreshen of the system that was downstairs(a)taken in 1986 by a multi-disciplinary and multi-sectoral charge constituted by the Philippine establishment. The revi ew was as healthy as chthoniantaken in roue with a political science-wide re system of rules which saw the need for necessary and proper changes in the bureaucracy in nightclub to promote skill and military strength n the delivery of human race services. The commendations of the committee, which accept the need to maintain a de centralized statistical system characterized by independence, objectivity, and integrity to desexualise it more responsive to the requirements of issue raisement, provided the hind end for the re brass section of the PSS in 1987. Its mission is to provide timely, correct and pulmonary tuberculosisful statistics for the government activity and the public, especially for plan and closing making.With the inadequate preferences and separate constraints, the PSS continues to seek for alternative measures and strategies toward responding to the current and rising demands of the conglomerate clientele and stakeholders. The PSS overly contin ues to effect avails in its competency to provide graphic symbol statistical products and services. Likewise, it recognizes the need to con sort to international banals, comparisons and practices, and it provides support and cooperation to the statistical endeavors of the international community. Dr. Romulo A.Virola is the Secretary frequent of the field of study Statistical Coordination jump on, Philippines (ra. emailprotected gov. ph). 1 2 2. THE PHILIPPINE STATISTICAL outline THROUGH THE YEARS2 giving medication statistical activities in the nation nurse d star for(p) a long way from the Spanish government activity to the present statistical system. From the simple attempts of the Spanish monarchy to collect culture on the state and its preferences, the PSS has evolved to beat a decentralized system with a strong arrange body to make the more complex necessarily of polity formulation and last making.The interest were the significant go badments in the awk wards statistical system at variant designs and stages. 2. 1 Spanish Regime (1571 1898) During the Spanish administration, thither was no regular and systematic info collection in the land except in the later years of the colonial period. Information on the people, villages, impersonatetlements, tributes sedate, judicial cases settled and the indwelling resources were obtained by the governors-general upon instructions from the King of Spain to the Spanish governorgeneral in the Philippines.From about the middle of the 18th century, the priests kept records of baptisms, marriages and deaths, making thinkable some creation estimates. The outset census infra the Spanish regime was precedeed in 1877 with the issuance of a royal decree ordering the memorandum of the population. Succeeding censuses were adopted in 1887 and 1897. The results of the first census were published in Archipelago Philippine en la Oceania Censo de Poblacion Verificado in 1887 but those of the latter were never published.The Spanish colonial statistical system began when an Officiana key de Estadistica was established in the Direccion oecumenic de garbage disposal Civil in 1889. The priests were obliged to report births, marriages and deaths which occurred inwardly their parish to this office. The matter of the Boletin de Estadistica de la Ciudad de Manila, a monthly journal, was started in 1895, making available population and vital statistics. 2. 2 American Regime (1898 1946) The onset of the American regime brought with it a more systematized selective instruction collection system.This was marked by the creation of a statistical unit in the role of Customs to collect, tabulate, and disseminate statistics on imports and exports. Although no statistical units were formally created in contrasting government offices during the time, information were nevertheless collected and compiled by them for administrative purposes. The delegacy of cultivation, created i n 1902, compiled info on the number of farms, irrigated atomic number 18as, and cultivated land.The self-assurance of sweat, created in 1908, gather information on the number and membership of delve organizations and repulse cases. bouncy registration likewise make betterd during this period. The first census under the American regime was conducted in 1903, with the next censuses assumen in 1918 and 1939. Different organizations carried out the censuses distributively time. The PSS Composition, Organization and Coordination, NEDA, 1980 finish maker Summary of the Phase 1 Report of decentralisation and the PSS Project, 1994 History of the PSS http//www. ire. it-u. ac. jp administrator edict none 121 Reorganizing and change the PSS and for an different(a)(prenominal) Purposes, 1987. 2 3 The incision of Public Information carried out the 1903 census and the United States number Bureau processed the statistics while the ad hoc Commission of Census conducted th e 1939 census. In 1918, the Bureau of concern and Industry was created (with a statistics division) under the segment of Commerce and Communication. For thirteen years, this division operated as the unclutter house of all statistical information in the country.The information were published yearly in statistical bulletins, which servingd as the comprehensive and authoritative sources of statistical information during the period. The first attempt to consolidate statistical authority and indebtedness in the country came about with the transfer of the Bureau of Commerce and Industry to the division of tillage and Commerce, which was organized in 1932. A special statistical division in the department was created which absorbed the Bureaus statistical functions as well as those of the Bureau of Agri assimilation.The statistics god were published in the Philippine Statistical Review. The centralization of all statistical activities in one agency was realized when the Bureau of the Census and Statistics (BCS) was created by nation Act none 591 in 1940 under the mail of the President. All major statistical units of the part of Agriculture and Commerce, surgical incision of patience, the Bureau of health, the Bureau of Customs, the topic Library, Department of Public Information and the 1939 Commission of Census were merged to the modernistic Bureau.The move to centralize the statistical system was interrupted because of World War II. 2. 3 Postwar recovery period starting in 1946 When the Philippines gained independence from the U. S. in July of 1946, the urgent need for data with which to plan and implement rehabilitation plans for a war-ravaged economy manifested itself. The BCS remained under the mathematical function of the President until 1947 when it was placed under the newly organized Department of Commerce and Industry for administrative purposes.In 1948, the BCS conducted the first postwar census. The creation of the Central savings dep osit of the Philippines in 1949 and the Agricultural economicals Division in the Department of Agriculture in 1953, as well as the return of the Labor Statistics Division to the Department of Labor, ushered in a period of great activity. With the expansion of government activities in the fields of public health, education, social welf be, public administration, trim down subsidies, financial stabilization, and agro-industrial development, statistical units gradually resurfaced.Consequently, the need for a decentralized statistical system with a central authority responsible for coordinating all the statistical activities of the government was barracked. 2. 4 Reorganization in 1956 Through the Government take after and Reorganization Commission created in 1954, a set of recommendations was formulated which provided the exemplar for the administration of a coordinated decentralized statistical system.These recommendations brought about ii significant changes in the statistical system, as follows (a) the emergence of the lieu of 4 the Statistical Coordination and Standards (OSCAS) and (b) the transfer of some statistical functions from the BCS to some different(a) government agencies. The decentralization of statistical activities was carried out in 1956 with the creation of a central coordinating authority, the OSCAS under the field of study scotch Council (NEC) by virtue of administrator gild none 119.Among the functions of this body was to oversee the coordination of all statistical activities of quintuple major statistical operating agencies and more than a hundred administrative agencies which head for the hills out statistical activities as part of their administrative and restrictive functions. The five agencies were the following (1) Bureau of the Census and Statistics, (2) Bureau of Agricultural economicals, (3) Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of the Philippines, (4) Labor Statistics Service, Department of Labor, and (5) Disease Intelligence touch on, Department of Health.Later, more government agencies surfaced to become major producers of uncreated statistics to meet the increase needs of government planners for statistical data. Likewise, all statistical functions pertaining to agriculture and natural resources, banking and finance, advertise, vital registration, and education were transferred from the BCS to other government agencies, which by nature of their administrative and regulatory functions and for graduate(prenominal)ly well-organized statistical units, were better measure up to assume them.This set up existed for about a decade and a half until a nonher(prenominal) government-wide reorganization of the executive branch of the government was introduced based on the structured Reorganization Plan (IRP) in 1972. 2. 5 Reorganization in 1972 The capital punishment of the IRP in 1972 abolished the NEC and set up in its place the discipline Economic and nurture Authority (NEDA) hea ded by a conductor-General. One of the offices under NEDA was the Statistical Coordination Office (SCO), which was made up of two faculty units draw from the three branches of OSCAS.Meanwhile, in 1974, the BCS under the Department of Commerce and Industry was reconstituted and renamed discipline Census and Statistics Office (NCSO) and placed under the administrative charge of the NEDA. During this time, scarcely one semiofficial served as the NEDA Deputy Director-General for SCO and, concurrently, as Executive Director of NCSO. The official as well as acted as conduceman of the Statistical Advisory get on (SAB), which was the forerunner of the case Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB). The existence of SCO, NEDA brought about a number of developments in statistics, crabbyly through its Statistical education Fund.Among them were the following (1) expansion in standardization work as exemplified by the number of the Manual on the Philippine System of National Accounts, Frameworks, Sources and Methods (2) first Philippine Statistical information Program and (3) development of statistical frameworks, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Input-Output put overs (in col wear outation with NCSO), Flow-of-Funds Accounts (in collaboration with the Central Bank), hearty Accounting Matrix, and Agriculture Economic Accounts (in collaboration with the Department of Agriculture). . 6 Reorganization in 1987 Recognizing the need to farther bring up the efficiency of the statistical system and improve the timeliness and verity of statistics for planning and decision making, a comprehensive 5 study and review of the PSS was conducted by a special committee in 1986. The committee recognized the need to maintain a decentralized statistical system with a strong coordination characterized by independence, objectivity, and integrity to make it more responsive to the requirements of national development.Thus, the PSS was restructured with the issuance of Executive sha pe no(prenominal) 121, empower Reorganizing and Strengthening the Philippine Statistical System and for separate Purposes on 30 January 1987. The Executive vagabond provided the basis for the present structure of the decentralized PSS. By virtue of this order, the NSCB as the highest insurancemaking and coordinating body on statistical matters was created in 1987, replacing the NEDA Statistical Coordination Office and the Statistical Advisory Board.The Statistical Research and raising centre (SRTC) as the question and formulation arm of the PSS was alike established. The NCSO was renamed National Statistics Office (NSO) and was tasked to be the major statistical agency responsible for generating general-purpose statistics and parturiency such censuses and cogitations as may be designated by the NSCB. The demands of national economic recovery after the EDSA Revolution in 1986 necessitated changes in the organizational and practicable structure of the entire bureaucracy. Und er Executive vow No. 16 issued on 30 January 1987, the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) was established as one of the s all the same bureaus of the Department of Agriculture to take charge of the product of statistics on agriculture, fishery and related fields. The BAS has assumed most of the functions of its predecessor, the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. It was excessively on 30 January 1987 when the Department of Labor was reorganized anew under Executive Order No. 126 and one of its alimentation was the abolition of the Labor Statistics Service and the creation of the Bureau of Labor and mesh Statistics (BLES) as one of the sestet bureaus of the Department.The other departments have maintained the statistical units indoors their various(prenominal) offices. Meanwhile, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) created its Department of Statistics on 20 marchland 2005 to assume the statistical functions lodged before at its Department of Economic Research. 3. THE PRE SENT STATISTICAL SYSTEM 3. 1. LAWS AND OTHER LEGAL PROVISIONS FOR STATISTICAL ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES3 The following be the justices that govern the trading operations of the PSS 3. 1. 1 Executive Order No. 121 Reorganizing and Strengthening the Philippine Statistical System (PSS) and for other(a) Purposes issued on 30 January 1987 3. 1. 2. Commonwealth Act No. 91 An Act to Create a Bureau of the Census and Statistics to Consolidate Statistical Activities of the Government issued on 19 sniffy 1940 otherwise legal provide concerning the statistical affairs in the country are the following 3 agency websites. 6 3. 1. 3. Executive Order No. 116 Renaming Ministry of Agriculture and Food as Ministry of Agriculture, Reorganizing Its Units, Integrating All Offices and Agencies Whose Functions partake to Agriculture and Fishery into the Ministry, and for separate Purposes issued on 30 January 1987, which embarrasss the creation of the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics within the Ministry 3. . 4. Executive Order No. 126 Reorganizing the Ministry of Labor and Employment and for separate Purposes issued on January 30, 1987, which takes the creation of the Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics within the Ministry 3. 1. 5. Executive Order No. 135 Providing for the Establishment of A Well-Coordinated topical anesthetic Level Statistical System issued on 6 November 1993 3. 1. 6. Executive Order No. 352 appellative of Statistical Activities That Will Generate Critical information for Decision-Making of the Government and the Private Sector issued on 1 July 1996 3. . 7. Executive Order No. 406 Institutionalizing the Philippine Economic purlieual and Natural Resources Accounting (PEENRA) System and Creating Units Within the organisational Structure of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), National Economic and fellowship Authority (NEDA), and National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) issued on 21 March 1997 3. 1. 8. Procl amation No. 647 Declaring the Month of October of Every Year as the National Statistics Month sign(a) on 20 September 1990 3. 1. 9. Proclamation No. 93 Declaring the Month as National Census Month signed on 7 June 1995 of September 1995 3. 1. 10. Proclamation No. 248 Adopting the Philippine Statistical instruction Program (PSDP) for 1999-2004 issued on 24 February 2000 3. 1. 11. Proclamation No. 1140 Adopting the Philippine Statistical Development Program (PSDP) 2005-2010 issued on 19 September 2006 Board resolutions and memorandum orders/circulars are likewise issued as necessary by the NSCB Executive Board when there are new statistical frameworks and indicator systems, new weapons for statistical coordination, new methodologies or concepts, etc. or adoption and murder by the various stakeholders of the system. 3. 2. THE COMPONENTS OF THE PHILIPPINE STATISTICAL SYSTEM The PSS consists of statistical organizations at all administrative levels, its violence and the national statistical program. Specifically, the organizations comprising the system include the following A policy-making and coordinating body the National Statistical Coordination Board A single general-purpose statistical agency the National Statistics Office 7A look into and training arm the Statistical Research and Training pith Units of government engaged in statistical activities any(prenominal) as their primary function or as part of their administrative or regulatory functions all departments, bureaus, offices, agencies, and instrumentalities of national and local governments and all government-owned and controlled corporations and their subsidiaries The major statistical agencies in the PSS include the NSCB, NSO, SRTC, the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) of the Department of Agriculture, the Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics (BLES) of the Department of Labor and Employment, and the Department of Economic Statistics of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) . former(a) data producers in the government include look into and statistics divisions/units usually within the planning service of the various departments and bureaus. The major statistical agencies and all other data producers are situated in various administrative hierarchies of the country with each unit collecting and aggregating data. The said administrative areas include the national, regional, churl, city, municipal and barangay levels. In addition, the local government units (LGUs) in each province, city, municipality or barangay are rich sources of data.The enactment of the Local Government Code of 1991 which mandated the devolution of underlying government services to LGUs had some implications on the data generation activities of the incite sectors. The chart below shows the linkages among the various institutions and players in the PSS. Framework for the heed and Coordination of the PSS 3. 2. 1. The policy-making and coordinating body 8 National Statistical Coord ination Board (NSCB)4 The NSCB was created as the highest policy-making and coordinating body on statistical matters in the Philippines. It is under the administrative supervision of the National Economic and Development Authority. The NSCB formulates policies, delineates responsibilities, sets priorities and standards on statistics and administers the one-stop statistical information center.It also maintains multi-sectoral statistical frameworks and indicator systems which serve as bases for the improvement of statistical coordination. It provides links and fora for coordination mingled with and among these key players. It also serves as the statistical clearing house and liaison for international statistical matters. Foremost among the objectives of the NSCB is to develop an orderly PSS capable of providing timely, accurate, pertinent, and useful data for the government and the public for planning and decision-making. The major goal of the NSCB is to promote the independence, ob jectivity, integrity, relevance and responsiveness of the PSS. The powers and functions of the NSCB as defined under parting 5 of Executive Order No. 21 are as follows tug and maintain an efficient statistical system in the government Formulate policies on all matters relating to government statistical operations Recommend executive and legislative measures to enhance the development and efficiency of the system, including the internal structure of statistical agencies Establish appropriate appliance for statistical coordination at the regional, provincial and city levels Approve the Philippine Statistical Development Program Allocate statistical responsibilities among government agencies by designating the statistics to be collected by them, including their periodicity and content Review budgetary proposals involving statistical operations and submit an integrated budget for the Philippine Statistical System (PSS) to the Department of calculate and Management (DBM) Review and clear, prior to electric arc, all funds for statistical operations Develop, prescribe and maintain appropriate framework for the improvement of statistical coordination and Prescribe uniform standards and classification systems in government statistics. The NSCB as coordinator is not engaged in primary data collection. The Executive Order yet provides that the decisions of the NSCB on statistical matters shall be final and executory.At the helm of the NSCB is the NSCB Executive Board which is still of the undersecretaries of the different departments and heads of major statistical agencies and chaired by the Secretary of Socio-Economic Planning. The NSCB Executive Board holds quarterly meetings. The NSCB has a proficient stave which performs the following functions exit technical and secretariat support to the NSCB Serve as the statistical clearing house and liaison for international statistical matters and Executive Order No. 121 Reorganizing and Strengthening the PSS and for Other Purposes issued on 30 January 1987 NSCB website http//www. nscb. gov. ph 4 9 complete other functions as may be assigned by the NSCB and as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of Executive Order No. 21 The products and services provided by the NSCB Technical Staff are the following Statistical policies and measures to resolve specific issues and provide policy directions in the PSS National Accounts and related economic accounts to assess the economic mathematical operation of the country Economic and social indicators Standards and classification systems to prescribe uniform standards in government statistics Statistical publications and CD Roms to disseminate the most relevant data produced by the PSS and to make statistics more accessible to the public The PSDP to serve as a blue publish of priority programs and activities to be undertaken to improve the PSS in the median(a) term Services Coordination of inter agency concerns Coordination of subnational statis tical systems Statistical survey review and clearance system Development of statistical standards and classification systems Designation of statistics Local and international data requests Technical services Advocacy for statistical awareness One stop statistical information centers On line statistical service thru the Internet (www. nscb. gov. ph) 3. 2. 2. selective information Producers In the government, the major agencies that produce statistics as their primary function are as follows National Statistics Office (NSO)5 The NSO is the major statistical agency responsible in collecting, compiling, classifying, producing, publishing, and disseminating general-purpose statistics as provided for in Commonwealth Act No. 591. The NSO is under the administrative supervision of NEDA. It generates data on population, housing, agriculture, fisheries, business, industry, prices and households through periodic censuses and sample surveys.NSO also has the responsibility of carrying ou t and administering the provision of the Civil Registry Law as provided for in Act No. 3753 dated February 1931. It also processes and compiles administrative-based statistics on domestic and exotic trade, business permits and vital statistics from the civil registration system. More specifically, the NSO is tasked to Prepare for and undertake all censuses on population, agriculture, commerce, and industry ( class 2, C. A. 591 Section 1, Batas Pambansa Blg. 72) 5 NSO website http//www. census. gov. ph 10 conduct statistical surveys by enumeration, sampling, and other methods (Section 2, Batas Pambansa Blg. 2) compile and classify other statistical data and information (Section 2, C. A. 591) conduct social and economic studies and make projections of population, plain production, income and the number of livestock (Section 2, C. A. 591) publish and disseminate all information related to the above functions (Section 2, C. A. 591) assist the National Statistical Coordination Board ( NSCB) in the formulation of a continuing comprehensive statistical program for the government (Section 5, Presidential Decree 418) provide technical care and support to projects of other statistical agencies and institutions (Section 5, P. D. 418) carry out and administer the provisions of Act. No. 753, entitled An Act to establish a Civil Register (Section 2, C. A. 591) and other laws on civil registration and issue authorization to solemnizing officers in accordance with the provisions of Article 7 of the Family Code of the Philippines (Executive Order No. 209 impelling dread 3, 1988). Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS)6 The BAS, which is under the Department of Agriculture, produces agricultural statistics. It generates statistics on crop production, prices of agricultural commodities, volume and value of livestock traded, farm income and expenditure, farming systems, agricultural finance, through sample surveys. Section 16 of Executive Order No. 16 defines the functions of the BAS as follows to collect, compile and release official agricultural statistics to exemplar technical supervision over data collection centers and to coordinate all agricultural statistics and economic research activities of all bureaus, corporations and offices under the Department of Agriculture. Further, Section 41 of Republic Act No. 8435 or Agriculture and Fisheries modernisation Act of 1997 approved on December 22, 1997, mandates the BAS to serve as the central information source and server of the National Information mesh (NIN) of the DA and to provide technical assistance to end-users in accessing and analyzing product and market information and technology. In 2000, the BAS structural organization was strengthened and reoriented pursuant to the relevant provisions of DA Administrative Order No. series of 1998 in conformity with the provisions of the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act or RA8435 of 1997. This law designates BAS as the central information sou rce and server of the National Information Network (NIN) of the DA. Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics (BLES)7 6 7 BAS website http//www. bas. da. gov. ph BLES website http//www. bles. dole. gov. ph 11 The BLES, which is under the Department of Labor and Employment, produces labor and employment statistics. It generates establishment-based labor data, such as labor turnover, labor practices, organizations, occupational injuries and illnesses and wage rates. Section 21 of the Executive Order 126 andates the BLES to carry out the following functions Formulate, develop and implement plans and programs on the labor statistical system in order to provide the government with timely, accurate and reliable data on labor and employment Conduct nationally surveys and studies which will generate trends and structures on labor and employment Develop and prescribe uniform standards, nomenclatures and methodologies for the collection, processing, presentation and analysis of labor and e mployment data Establish appropriate mechanisms for the coordination of all statistical activities in the Department and for collaboration with other government and hugger-mugger agencies including international research organizations in the conduct of surveys and studies in the area of labor and employment broadcast statistical information and provide statistical services/advice to the users by establishing a data bank and issuing the Bureaus statistical materials and research findings Develop and undertake programs and projects geared towards the enhancement of the technical competence of the Department on theories, techniques and methodologies for the improvement of the labor statistical system Monitor and cipher technical supervision over the statistical units in the Department and its agencies and Perform such other functions as may be provided by law or assigned by the Secretary. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)8 The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) is the central bank of the Republic of the Philippines.It was established on 3 July 1993 pursuant to the provisions of the 1987 Philippine Constitution and the New Central Bank Act of 1993. The BSP took over from the Central Bank of Philippines, which was established on 3 January 1949, as the countrys central monetary authority. The BSP enjoys fiscal and administrative autonomy from the National Government in the pursuit of its mandated responsibilities. The BSP has supervision over the operations of banks and exercises such regulatory powers as provided in the New Central Bank Act and other pertinent laws over the operations of finance companies and non-bank financial institutions performing quasi-banking functions.The BSP, through its Department of Statistics, monitors and compiles various statistical series on monetary, financial and extraneous variables useful for the formulation and analysis of monetary, banking, credit and exchange policies. To increase public awareness on various economic and fina ncial issues, as well as promote transparency in its operations, the BSP releases various publications, reports, media releases and other relevant resource materials. The BSP also conducts the Business Expectations sight and the Consumer Expectations Survey. 8 BSP website http//www. bsp. gov. ph 12 Other Data Producers In addition to the above statistical agencies, various other departments, including the bureaus and attached agencies under them, also generate statistics as by-products of their primary functions.The following are the departments with stronger statistical units and more statistical outputs Agriculture, Agrarian Reform, Education, Energy, Environment and Natural Resources, Finance, Health, Labor and Employment, Science and Technology, social Welfare and Development, Tourism, and Trade and Industry. Other sources of data are the following departments Budget and Management, Interior and Local Government, Justice, National Defense, Public Works and Highways, and Trans portation and Communications. 3. 2. 3. Statistical Training, Education and Research Institutions Statistical Research and Training Center (SRTC)9 As the training and research arm of the PSS, the SRTC conducts short-term wrinkles in statistics and related fields and researches to enhance existing methodologies, concepts and systems apply in statistical operations. As specified in Section 10 of Executive Order No. 21, the functions and responsibilities of SRTC are as follows Develop a comprehensive and integrated research and training program on theories, concepts and methodologies for the onward motion of the statistical program Undertake research on statistical concepts, definitions and methods Promote collaborative research efforts among members of the academic community, data producers and users Conduct non-degree training programs to evoke the quality of statistical workforce base in support of the needs of the statistical system and Provide financial and other forms of assi stance to enhance statistical research and development. The SRTC has a Governing Board which formulates policies for the wariness and operations of the agency.This Board is composed of the Secretary-General of the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) as Chair with the following as members the Administrator of the National Statistics Office (NSO), the Dean of the UP School of Statistics (UPSS), the Director of the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS), a Director of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), and the Executive Director of the Philippine Social Science Council (PSSC). The Executive Director of SRTC serves as exofficio member of the Board. In 2005, the SRTC conducted 29 statistical training courses/programs, equivalent to 1,145 training hours, with a total of 643 participants.Three research projects were also unblemished Executive Order No. 121 Reorganizing and Strengthening the PSS and for Other Purposes issued on 30 January 1987 SRTC websit e http//www. srtc. gov. ph 9 13 during the year. The training was conducted not precisely for the major statistical agencies and other data producers in the central/regional offices but also for the local government units. The SRTC has also embarked on partnership with the United Nations Statistical land for Asia and the Pacific for statistical training as well as with other international organizations, such as the German Development Cooperation, UN FAO and UNFPA for the conduct of training courses.Academe On human resource supply, the PSS relies on the academic institutions offering Statistics/Applied Statistics courses and related fields such as Economics, Mathematics, Computer Science/ Information Technology, Demography, Public Administration, and Business Administration/ Management. Several universities throughout the country are offering under have and graduate degree courses in statistics, with the University of the Philippines School of Statistics in Quezon City, Metro Man ila and the University of the Philippines Institute of Statistics in Los Banos, Laguna as the snuff iting universities in toll of course offerings in statistics. Statistical researches in the system are usually undertaken in close collaboration with the academe.The PSS benefits from the strong collaboration and partnership between the official statisticians and the members of the academic and research communities who sit as chairpersons/members of various interagency/technical committees, serve as consultants in research activities and projects implemented by the PSS and act as advocates of statistics in general. 3. 2. 4 Data Suppliers/Respondents Collection of data is done either thru sample surveys, censuses or reporting forms. Respondents can be individuals, households, business establishments/enterprises, government or non-government institutions. The extent and quality of data supplied by the respondents critically affect the quality of statistics produced by the data produce rs.To strengthen the relationship with the respondents, the data producers conduct dialogues and communication programs to advocate support to data collection activities. 3. 2. 5. Subnational Statistical System The NSCB Regional Divisions perform the mandate of coordination at the subnational level using mechanisms such as those mentioned above as well as providing technical assistance to the data producers and users in the regions. Due to the budgetary constraints of government, these units are physically present only in ten (10) regions Regions 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR). They also manage and administer the regional branches of the National Statistical Information Center (NSIC), one-stop shop of statistical information and services.Providing assistance to the NSCB in terms of statistical coordination at the subnational level are the Regional Statistical Coordination Committees (RSCCs). The RSCCs formulate policies and programs parti cular to a regional statistical system. The members include agency regional directors, provincial planning and development coordinators and a representative from the orphic sector. These Committees are chaired by the NEDA Regional Director and are coordinated by the NSCB Regional Divisions. 14 The NSO has its regional, provincial and municipal offices. Likewise, the BAS has provincial offices. The other departments have their subnational offices at different levels.These offices gather data at the subnational levels and forward thm to the central offices for consolidation. They also serve as outlets for diffusion. In addition to the statistical agencies and the various departments of the national government, the local government units (LGUs) also generate statistical information covering their various(prenominal) areas or constituents. They also conduct surveys and process data from local administrative forms for their planning and monitoring purposes. Most of the data generated by the LGUs are municipal and barangay data since these are not available from the national surveys except in the Census of Population and Housing where data are generated down to the barangay level. 3. 3.MECHANISMS FOR STATISTICAL PLANNING AND COORDINATION, INFORMATION DISSEMINATION AND ADVOCACY Different mechanisms for statistical planning and coordination, information dissemination and advocacy creation implemented by the NSCB Technical Staff are being advocated to the agencies in order to improve their effectiveness in servicing the data needs of the various stakeholders and users for development planning, policy formulation and monitoring of the progress of government programs. Other initiatives and measures are also continuously being undertaken to improve the organization and operations of the PSS, thereby enhancing the quality of the statistical products and services. STATISTICAL PLANNING AND COORDINATION 3. 3. 1 Statistical PoliciesStatistical policies may be in the form o f acts, executive orders, presidential proclamations, and resolutions and circulars issued by the NSCB Executive Board which are intended to guide agencies and other stakeholders in terms of organization and implementation of concepts, definitions, methodologies, new systems, best practices and others. The implementation of and compliance with the statistical policies are being monitored by the NSCB Technical Staff. 3. 3. 2 Statistical Frameworks and Indicator Systems The NSCB is in the main tasked to develop and maintain appropriate frameworks and indicator systems to serve as tools for statistical coordination. This includes the System of National Accounts (SNA) that produces estimates of the Gross National Product (GNP) and Gross domestic help Product (GDP). The SNA is maintained by the NSCB with data inputs coming from various agencies including secret institutions.The compilation of the SNA by the NSCB has given it a powerful tool for statistical coordination that allows the identification of data gaps that need to be addressed by the PSS. Other frameworks/indicator systems that are maintained by the NSCB include the Leading Economic Indicators, Foreign Investments Information System, Gender and Development Indicators, Philippine National Health Accounts, Poverty Statistics, Food Balance Sheet, Quarterly Economic Indices and Economic and Social Indicators, the STATDEV which is a tool for monitoring the targets under the 15 Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan and the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). The NSCB also serves as the repository of the MDG database for the Philippines. 3. 3. 3 Philippine Statistical Development Program (PSDP)The PSDP articulates the vision, direction, strategies and priority statistical programs and activities to be undertaken in the PSS for the medium term in order to meet current and emerging needs of the national and local planners, policy-makers and data producers. The formulation of the sectoral statistical developm ent programs was spearheaded by the NSCB through the various inter-agency committees, task forces and working groups composed of the key players and stakeholders in the PSS. Indicative budget requirements for the programs and activities are also included. The PSDP which is active every six years is designed to provide vital information support to the Medium-Term Philippine Development Program and to promote efficiency of statistical operations through optimum use of available resources and adoption of make up effective measures.It envisions a PSS with greater capacity to provide excellent service and high quality statistical information for better use in policy analysis and decision-making to meet the changing needs of the stakeholders, data users, ordination and the international community. Several PSDPs were formulated in the past and the current one is the PSDP 2005-2010 which is the 7th PSDP developed by the system. This is the Philippine version of the National strategy for the Development of Statistics (NSDS) being advocated by PARIS21 or Partnership in Statistics for Development in the 21st Century. 3. 3. 4 System of Designated Statistics (SDS) Executive Order No. 52 was issued in July 1996 to implement the System of Designated Statistics (SDS) as a mechanism for the identification and generation of the most crucial and essential statistics for administrators, planners, policy makers, and decision makers in the government and private sectors. It is also an important tool in addressing conundrums, such as data makers in the government and private sectors. It is also an important tool in addressing problems, such as data gaps, duplication, decelerate release and inaccessibility of important sets of statistics, and as a framework for backcloth priorities in data production. The designation includes the implementing agency, frequency of collection, geographic disaggregation and schedule of data dissemination.At present, there are 60 activities/statis tics designated however, it is a dynamic system that allows modifications to respond to changing needs and priorities and to emerging capabilities of statistical offices. The statistics under the SDS form the marrow squash of official statistics that constitute a set of public good that the designated data producers must be accountable for. These include censuses, surveys, administrative data systems, derived data systems and statistical indicators. As a result, these designated statistics receive priority attention in the preparation of the national budget and duplication of statistical efforts is minimized, if not eliminated.Relatedly, the Philippine government has been subscribing to the International Monetary Funds Special Data Dissemination Standards (SDDS) since 1996. The SDDS covers economic and financial data and their releases are monitored through the onward motion release calendar and metadata. The NSCB serves as the coordinator for the SDDS. 16 3. 3. 5 Statistical Budg et Review One of the functions of the NSCB is to review budgetary proposals for statistical activities of agencies. For many years now, the annual Budget Call issued by the Department of Budget and Management provides that the NSCB endorse agency budget proposals involving the System of Designated Statistics.Budgetary thrusts are formulated for the counsel of the major statistical agencies and other data producers. In the review of statistical budget proposals, the PSDP and a number of minimum targets/measures aimed at enhancing/ensuring the quality of data and capability construct of agencies serve as the criteria. 3. 3. 6 Statistical Survey Review and Clearance System (SSRCS) The SSRCS involves the substantive review of the design and instruments of statistical surveys or censuses sponsored and/or to be conducted by government agencies including government corporations at the national and/or subnational level. Recently, the scope of the SSRCS has been expanded to include adminis trative enter systems.The system aims to ensure the quality of the data to be generated from the inquiry, to avoid supererogatory duplication in data collection and to elicit the cooperation of data providers and respondents. some of the review criteria adopted include (1) essentiality and appropriateness (2) reporting freight (3) enough of survey and forms design (4) clarity of questions and nstructions (5) use of standard classifications and definitions (6) completeness and adequacy of tabulation plans and (7) schedule and manner of disseminating results. On the average, the NSCB clears around 18 surveys every year which include regular, periodic and one-shot surveys with individuals, households or establishments as respondents. 3. 3. Statistical Standards and Classification Systems The standard classification systems serve as instruments for promoting the comparability and consistency of statistics generated by data producers. These standard classification systems can also be used in the organization of databases and information systems. Annex 1 shows the list of the existing statistical classification systems in the Philippines. Other standards include the prescription of standard concepts and definitions in the various sectors to ensure the comparability of statistics generated. 3. 3. 8 Technical and Inter-Agency Committees on Statistics (TCs/IACs) and line of work Forces (TFs)The TCs/IACs/TFs are created (1) to assess and evaluate the quality, usefulness and timeliness of sectoral data and subside areas of duplication, discrepancies and gaps (2) to review the concepts, techniques and methodologies used in the collection, processing and reporting of data and (3) to recommend an efficient and workable scheme for the allocation of agency responsibilities in the production of statistics. Thru these committees, weaknesses in sectoral statistics including those affecting data quality can be addressed. The committees recommend policy measures to the NSC B Executive Board. The TCs/IACs/TFs are composed of both data producers and users including the private sector and members of the academic and research communities. 17 To date, the committees created by the NSCB include six TCs, ten IACs and two TFs. Annex 2 shows the list of the committees and task forces. 3. 3. 9. Agency Statistical Calendars Agency statistical calendars are useful guide to data users in their search for statistical information from government sources.The statistical calendar contains information on the statistical activities of the agency, such as the frequency, outputs to be generated, judge date and mode of release, and contact person. 3. 3. 10. Bilateral Meetings Bilateral meetings are conducted between two agencies for the purpose of discussing, clarifying and resolving specific problems of the agencies in terms of data production and dissemination, among others. 3. 3. 11. Performance measuring rod Scheme for Statistical Agencies and Other Data Producers A Performance Measurement Scheme for Statistical Agencies and Other Data Producers was institutionalized in 2002 after it was pilot tested in 2001.It determines the capabilities of agencies in responding to the needs of their clients and other stakeholders thru a set of indicators of agency operation in terms of relevance, timeliness, the true, reliability, transparency and integrity, comparability, effectiveness, accessibility and client orientation. Through the lineup that will be maintained for each agency, the public will be made aware of the success of the agency in accounting for its committedness to the public. Ultimately, the results will be used for advocacy, promoting public accountability and benchmarking purposes as basis for pursuing improvements in the quality of outputs and services.The performance scheme which is proposed to be conducted every two or three years is also seen as an come along in measuring the quality of products and services of the PSS. The criteri a considered to assess the performance of national statistical offices are as follows (a) relevance (b) timeliness and accessibility (c) accuracy and reliability (d) transparency (e) independence and integrity (f) comparability (g) quality of research program and training materials, facilities and resource persons (h) effectiveness of coordination and (i) quality of financial and workforce resources, equipment and facilities for statistical operations. Indicators based on these criteria were identified. 3. 3. 12.Hosting of International Conferences/Meetings The NSCB spearheads the hosting of international statistical conferences/meetings by the Philippine government. Topics discussed include developmental/emerging concerns in the field of statistics. This is being done in coordination with international organizations. STATISTICAL INFORMATION DISSEMINATION 3. 3. 1. National Statistical Information Center The National Statistical Information Center (NSIC) was first established in the country in 1993 through a project jointly implemented with the Statistics Sweden and the Swedish 18 International Development Agency (SIDA). The NSIC, which serves as a one-stop shop for statistical information in the country, is lodged at the NSCB.To date, several branches of NSIC have been established in selected regions where there are NSCB Regional Divisions. Services provided include frontline and library services, bookshoppe and technical services. 3. 3. 2. Government Statistics handiness Program (GSAP)/General Standards for Statistical Information Dissemination (GSSID) The GSAP was implemented in 1998 with the vision of making statistical information and services in the country highly accessible to users nationwide and worldwide. Its conceptualization was anchored on the fundamental article of belief that information is used for decision-making and therefore the timeliness and integrity of the information should be ensured.The components of the program include the organiza tion of an inter-agency consortium, issuance of an executive measure providing for the program as a flagship project of the government, investments on technology upgrading, systems and human resource development, adoption of common policies and standards, and alliance with the private sector. The GSAP paved the implementation in 1999 of the General Standards for Statistical Information Dissemination (GSSID) in the PSS. The GSSID was designed as a mechanism of the government in setting appropriate and benignant standards of reliability, integrity, timeliness, transparency, and accessibility of government statistics.Specifically, it promotes adherence to these standards in the dissemination of statistical information and greater utilization of data, fosters adoption of generally accepted data dissemination practices, and involves active participation of users in making statistics more accessible and useful. expense noting is the standard on the dissemination in advance of the calen dar of release of the various statistical products of an agency. In the long-term basis, the GSSID also serves as a tool to address data gaps and spur continuing improvements on data dissemination. The GSSID was inspired by the SDDS prescribed by the International Monetary Fund. 3. 3. 3 abbreviate releases/articles/websiteThe issuance of press releases and articles by the major statistical agencies and other data producers on the latest available data or emerging concerns that would be relevant to national planning and development is another mechanism for statistical information dissemination. These press releases and articles are in print form and/or posted on the agency websites. STATISTICAL ADVOCACY 3. 3. 1. National Statistics Month The NSM is being observed annually during the month of October, following a Presidential Proclamation, as a vehicle for soliciting the support of the public at large in improving and enhancing the quality and standards of statistics in the country. The NSM, which has just completed its 17th year in October 2006, has become an effective locus for change and unifying the Philippine statistical community and in instilling nationwide awareness and insight of the importance of statistics. Every year, the NSM focuses on a particular theme to highlight the statistics pertaining to the theme. The major activities undertaken by government agencies and some private institutions include symposia and 19 training/seminars/lectures, information dissemination using print and broadcast media and statistical contests. A much-awaited event among fourth year high school students is the Oratorical Contest which is held annually as part of the NSM jubilation of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas and Department of Education.It has gained popularity because the oratorical contest has served as a locus for promoting awareness in statistics, for instilling pride in the Philippine culture and for hearing the voice of the young. During NSM celebration, other contests held catering to students and the youth include statistical quizzes, poster-making and slogan writing contests. 3. 3. 2. Statistical Conferences The National Convention on Statistics (NCS) is held every three years to provide a forum for exchanging ideas and experiences in the field of statistics, in both theoretical and practical applications, and for discussing recent statistical developments and prevailing issues and problems of the PSS.It further aims to elicit the cooperation and support of statisticians and professionals in related fields from the government, academe and private sector towards a more responsive statistical system. The tenth NCS will be held in October 2007. Statistical telling is conducted annually in Western Visayas which started in 2001 and in Mindanao which was first held in 2004. The statistical congress aims to gather producers and users of statistics as well those from the academe in order to dole out a common association and understand ing of recent developments in the statistical system and address prevailing and emerging statistical concerns in their various(prenominal) regions.The Philippine Statistical Association (PSA), the professional statistical organization in the country with chapters in selected regions, conducts quarterly/annual conferences to serve as venue for discussing current statistical issues. There are also inter/intra university conferences, such as the Student-Faculty Conferences. 3. 3. 3. Philippine Statistics Quiz (PSQ) The PSQ is an annual contest that aims to test the knowledge of statistics of first-year college students and is held nationwide. It further aims to contribute to the building of scientific and technological workforce by helping identify and nurture talents in the field of statistics. It is organized jointly by the National Statistics Office and the Philippine Statistical Association. 3. . 4. Press conferences, producers and users fora Press conferences are held by the maj or statistical agencies to present latest available data for critical indicators, such as the national accounts, rising prices rate and core inflation. Producers and users fora are also conducted to enhance awareness and appreciation of available statistics and to gather feedback towards the improvement of PSS products and services, and to communicate ongoing developments and plans. 3. 3. 5. Feedback/evaluation mechanisms 20 Feedback/evaluation mechanisms are necessary to solicit comments and suggestions from the data suppliers and providers and data users.Their comments and suggestions would serve as useful inputs towards the improvement of the statistical system. 3. 4 STATISTICAL men One of the essential conditions for the PSS to achieve its goals and objectives is the formation of a core of qualified personnel to undertake statistical work and to contribute to the progressive development of its statistical activities. Although there are other factors that play important roles i n the ability of an agency to manage its statistical operations, it is the capability of the statistical manpower in the organization that eventually determines the performance of the agency. Statistical manpower includes personnel involved in the collection, processing, compilation, dissemination and publication of data.It includes statisticians, mathematicians, economists, accountants, engineers, information technology specialists, and subject matter specialists in various fields who possess the statistical knowledge needed to plan and carry out statistical programs, projects or researches and who use the science of statistics in analyzing data. 3. 4. 1. Manpower Resource As shown in Table 1, the number of personnel engaged in statistical work of the government as of 2003 based on figures from six (6) statistical agencies and 11 selected other data producers totals 5,725 with 2,290 (40 percent) personnel employed in the central offices and 3,435 (60 percent) in the regional/field offices.It is important to note that of the 3,435 personnel in the regional/field offices, those from the NSO and BAS which take charge of conducting regular censuses and surveys account for almost 79. 0 percent of them. 10 Table 1. Statistical Manpower in Statistical Agencies and Selected Other Data Producers, Philippines, as of 2003 Agency Statistical agencies (6) Selected other data producers (11) get Total 4,535 1,190 Central 1,784 506 Regional 2,751 684 5,725 2,290 3,435 There are a few professional statisticians in the PSS as majority of those holding statistical positions acquired their skills through training and experience. As of 2003, those with degrees in statistics, whether undergraduate or graduate, account for only 4. percent of the total number of statistical personnel. Hiring professional statisticians and keeping them is a continuing challenge for the PSS. An inevitable problem encountered is the succession and turnover in statistical posts typically due to resign ations or retirement. Such turnovers may lead to difficulties especially if there are skill shortages. 10 Results of the 2003 Performance Measurement Scheme for Statistical Agencies and Other Data Producers. 21 In many ways, motivation is the key to the success of statistical human resource management and development. In addition, most government workers perceive that they are not decently financially compensated for the work they perform.The low salaries of statisticians in the government have actually contributed to the exodus of trained official statisticians to the private sector, the international organizations and even to statistical agencies of foreign countries. Thus, it is important to maintain high morale among statistical personnel, and enhance their loyalty and esprit de corps. 3. 4. 2. Management and Development The PSS recognizes the importance of statistical capacity building such that there is a need to continually build the human capacity of the agencies in order t o be more effective and efficient in responding to the ever-increasing demand for statistical data by planners and decision makers from all sectors. With qualified and competent statistical personnel, the capability of an agency to undertake statistical work is strengthened.There should be more concerted efforts and innovative approaches in building the capacities of the agencies to effectively manage the statistical activities and to respond to the demands of the stakeholders. Aside from training, other factors in the area of personnel management include good compensation, pleasant working conditions, proper motivation and a dynamic profession. Meanwhile, an inevitable problem encountered with respect to newly-trained staff is the increase in employee turnover. With the new skills acquired by the staff, their marketability increases and if the organization cannot match the attractive offers received by the trained staff, which is often the case, the staff is lost. Capacity building is mostly done through non-degree training which aims to develop statistical expertise at various levels of competencies.Participation in training programs/courses is funded from own agency budget or by availing of training grants/programs sponsored/conducted by local or international institutions. Furthermore, most locally-funded and foreign-assisted projects undertaken by the statistical agencies normally include a training component for the project staff. The SRTC, as the training arm of the system, contributes heavily to developing/strengthening the knowledge and skills of statistical workers on the various aspects of statistical work, such as survey design, data collection and processing, database management, and data analysis, presentation and dissemination.These regular programs are meant to enable civil servants at the central and regional/field offices to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to enable them to improve their performance in producing, analyzing, and dis seminating statistical information for public consumption. Aside from SRTC, other statistical agencies such as the NSO, NSCB, BAS and BLES also conduct in-house statistical training and special-purpose statistical seminars/training for advocacy and/or technical assistance purposes. Opportunities are also available for the statistical personnel to pursue advanced degrees in statistics, such as masters and doctorate degrees, both in local and foreign universities through scholarship grants/fellowships.Also through the Philippine Statistical Association (PSA), the professional organization of statisticians in the country, short training courses are offered to the members as well as the private sector. 22 Despite the conduct of these training activities, there continues to be a number of challenges in building human